By: Aji Setiawan
In the last decade, the nation's crisis of confidence in Indonesia is quite alarming. Various negative actions occurred in many areas, ranging from free sex, brawls and students in large cities, until the rise of suicides increasing.
The world of education has given a very large portion for knowledge, but forget the main purpose of education is to develop the knowledge, attitudes, and skills simultaneously and balanced. The decline of the Indonesian nation today is not only caused by the economic crisis, but also by the moral crisis that stems from a lack of investment character education.
Responding to the challenges of education in the face of a crisis with character education this makes us realize how the phenomenon of national character that is currently being "raised" needs to be followed up and find a way out significantly and systematically in the right format.
Indonesia is currently undergoing two major challenges, namely the decentralization or local autonomy has been started, and the era of globalization, the total is going to happen in 2020 Both these challenges is the most demanding test passed and prepared by all parts of Indonesia.
he key to success in the face of severe challenges that lie in the quality of Human Resources (HR) Indonesian reliable and cultured. Therefore, improving the quality of human resources is important early on to think about seriously.
The character of the nation is an important aspect of the quality of human resources due to the quality of the nation's character determines the progress of a nation. Quality character needs to be formed and nurtured from an early age (Erikson, 1968). According to Freud's personality is a good investment failure at an early age will form a personal problem later in adult life.
Thomas Lickona, a professor of education from Cortland University, revealed no signs of the times ten to watch out because if there are signs of this already exists, meaning a nation to the brink of destruction were (Character development in the family, New York: 1987). The signs in question is (1) an increase in violence among adolescents, (2) the use of language and words are deteriorating, (3) peer-group influence is strong in violence, (4) increase in self-destructive behavior, such as drug use , alcohol and casual sex, (5) the blurring of good and bad moral compass, (6) the declining work ethic, (7) the lack of respect for parents and teachers, (8) lack of a sense of individual responsibility and citizens, (9 ) membudayanya dishonesty, and (10) the existence mutual suspicion and hatred among others. When examined, it turns out the tenth sign of the times that already exist in Indonesia.
In addition to the ten signs of the times, the other problems being faced by the nation ndonesia is an early education system that exist today are too oriented towards the development of the left brain (cognitive) and less attention to the development of the right brain (affective, empathy and sense). In fact, the development of character (moral and religious) in practice has more to do with aspects of the left hemisphere (rote, or simply just "know").
In addition to the ten signs of the times, the other problems being faced by the nation ndonesia is an early education system that exist today are too oriented towards the development of the left brain (cognitive) and less attention to the development of the right brain (affective, empathy and sense). In fact, the development of character (moral and religious) in practice has more to do with aspects of the left hemisphere (rote, or simply just "know").
On the other hand, character education must be done systematically and continuously involving aspects of "knowledge, feeling, loving and action". The formation of character can be described as the formation of a person into a body builder (bodybuilders) which requires "the exercise of moral muscles" continuous basis in order to be sturdy and strong.
Definition of people with strong character marked by the nature of a person in response to the moral situation, which is manifested in real action through good behavior, honest, responsible, respectful of others and other noble character. This notion is similar to what is disclosed Aristotle stating that the character is closely related to habit or custom made continuous.
According to Berkowitz (1998), the habit of doing good does not always guarantee that the man who has been accustomed to consciously (cognition) appreciate the importance of character values (valuing). For example, someone who is used to tell the truth for fear of being punished then it could be he did not understand the high moral values of honesty itself. Therefore, character education also requires emotional aspects. This component is called "desiring the good" or a desire to do good.
According to Berkowitz (1998), the habit of doing good does not always guarantee that the man who has been accustomed to consciously (cognition) appreciate the importance of character values (valuing). For example, someone who is used to tell the truth for fear of being punished then it could be he did not understand the high moral values of honesty itself. Therefore, character education also requires emotional aspects. This component is called "desiring the good" or a desire to do good.
For additional insight, the historical emergence of the term character itself specifically in the context of emerging new education in the 18th century, and for the first time coined by German pedadog FW Foerster. This term refers to an idealistic approach-spritualis in education, also known as the theory of normative education. The priorities are transcendent values is believed to be the driving force of history, both for individuals and for social change.
However, the actual character education has long been a core part of the history of education itself. For example, in the ideals of paideia of Greek and Roman Humanitas. Idealist approach in modern society culminated in the Hegelian idea of consciousness Spirit. This development in turn reinforce the dialectic as an integral part of the approach to character education.
Birth of character education can be regarded as an attempt to revive the spiritual ideal pedagogy that had lost hit by a wave of positivism that was pioneered by the French philosopher Auguste Comte. Foerster meredusir rejected the idea that humans experience life in a pure form.
In human development is subject to the laws of nature, but humans have the freedom allowed him to live the freedom and growth to overcome than merely the physical and psychological demands. Humans are not merely obey the rules of activities around the globe. But freedom was internalized in order prescriptions that address the individual, the values of moral rules. Guideline value is the criteria that determine the quality of a for human action in the world.
Understanding the dynamics of character education proceeds through three momentum: historical moments, reflective moments and moments practical. Historical moments that reflect the efforts of human beings grappling experience in the support concept and praxis of education, especially in the fall up to develop character education for students in accordance with the context of its time. Reflective moment, a moment that through understanding human intellectual attempt to define her experience, see methodological issues, philosophical, and principally applicable to character education. Practical moment, ie with a better understanding of the theoretical -konseptual, humans try to find effective character education project that can be effectively implemented in the field.
TA Hill in his paper entitled Character First! (Kimray Inc., 2005) defines character as follows: "Character determines someone's private thoughts and actions done.Good someone's character is the inward motivation to do what is right, According to the highest standards of behavior, in every situation." Character education teaches habits of thinking and behaviors that help the individual to live and work together as a family, community, and state and help them, to make decisions that can be accounted for.
There are six pillars which can be a reference in shaping human character, namely: (1) trustworthiness, character shapes that make a person of integrity, honest and loyal; (2) Fairness, the shape of the character that makes a person have an open mind and do not like to take advantage of other people; (3) Caring, form characters that make a person have a caring attitude and concern for others and social environment; (4) Respect, form characters that makes people respect and respect for others; (5) Citizenship, form characters that make a person aware of the laws and regulations as well as care for the natural environment; (6) Responsibility, shape one's character is responsible, disciplined, and always do things as good as possible.
Once the importance of character education, in other countries of character education became the priority in its development. Character education in several countries began basic education (elementary school), as in America, Japan, and Korea etc.
Strong national character must be built within the students. To build students' character must be supported by a critical initiative and allow time for the students to put forward new ideas. (Father Frans Magnis Suseno, 2010). Followed by Father Frans Magnis Suseno thinks there are three values in each of the students, namely (1) the ability to unite the value, (2) just and civilized humanity, (3) have a sense sensitive to other people.
Efforts to build character in the world of education or educate not merely transfer knowledge alone, but further than this sense it is more important that education can change or shape the character and the character of a person in order to become better, more polite at the level of ethics and aesthetics and behavior in life everyday. (***) Observers education, living in Central Java Purbalingga
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